Distributed Parallel Processing Laboratory

Nikolay Mirenkov Professor	Alexander Vazhenin Associate Professor	Rentaro Yoshioka Assistant Professor	Paolo G. Bottoni Visiting Researcher

Existing systems of symbols and notations are usually very abstract and there is a great gap between the form and meaning of data/knowledge. Our long-term education, in an essential part, is reduced to training our brain for being "encoding-decoding" machine bridging this gap. The abstractness mentioned and bridging operations are sources of serious mental and physical problems for a great variety of people and, especially for disabled and elderly. Our aging society is also becoming information society. So, the above-mentioned aspect of our environment is becoming crucial. That is why, our research is to develop a new environment with lesser level of abstraction and with the better quality of people life. Our general program is cyber-infrastructure including highperformance computing. We are also thinking about active knowledge being developed by humanity and undertaking research efforts in visual (multimedia) languages and tools, parallel and distributed systems. In a great part, our research and development are based on an idea of self-explanatory components in a cyberFilm format. A cyberFilm is a set of color stills supported, if necessary, by text, voice/sound and special links. Each still is to represent a view (some features) of objects or processes. Each cyberFilm is to represent a multiple view (an extended set of dynamic and/or static features) of objects or processes. Different views can be related to different moments of time, positions in space, levels of hierarchy, values of data attached to space points, etc. Different media can be used for different views. A self-explanatory cyberFilm means that the associated stills are organized and presented in such a way that the semantic richness is clearly brought out. The investment of meaning in the cyberFilm is reduced to developing a series of views watching (and hearing) in non-linear order. Usually, a still is self-evident and a cyberFilm is a result of special gathering of clues or hints. This result is a piece of knowledge. So, self-explanatory adequacy depends on this knowledge. The more accurate and relevant views are used, the greater adequacy is reached. The idea of cyberFilms is used for the specication of information resources and programming operations with the resources, as well as for the representation of multimedia messages and implementation of human-computer interfaces. The idea of equal opportunities to all individuals in the use of information resources is used to create a right set of cyberFilms and methods of their adaptation. We lead four clusters of projects related to lmication of methods and data: Active Knowledge Studio for teachers, students, and programmers, F-Communication System for children, elderly and handicapped people, Virtual objects, haptic interface and 3D printers for people doing fast prototyping, and WWW-based software for students involved in multimedia programming and distance learning.

Refereed Journal Papers

[nikmir-01:2007]	Y. Watanobe, N. Mirenkov, R. Yoshioka, and O. Monakhov. Filmication of methods: A visual language for graph algorithms. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, 19(1):123-150, 2008.
	A novel approach for using the lmication of methods concept in the graph algorithm representation, specication, and programming is considered. It is based on a \cyberFilm" format, where a set of multimedia frames represents algorithmic features. A brief description of the cyberFilm concept and an observation of graph algorithm features are presented. A number of cyberFilms related to Prim's and Dijkstra's algorithms have been developed and used to explain the basic ideas of the approach. Several versions of the algorithm visualization are demonstrated by corresponding examples of cyberFilm frames and icon language representations. In addition, a method for program generation from the cyberFilm specication is provided with explanations of program templates supporting the cyberFilm frames.
[nikmir-02:2007]	Y. Watanobe, R. Yoshioka, and N. Mirenkov. A Searching Method Based on Problem Description and Algorithmic Features. International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering, 2(5/6):359-368, 2007.
	A searching method based on 'what' and 'how' problem descriptions, within a special software component library, is presented. The 'what' problem description is based on a high-level representation of general features of initial and nal data the problem can process or produce. The 'how' problem description is based on another high-level representation of the algorithmic features of the problem solution. In this paper, the basic idea of the 'what' and 'how' problem descriptions, as well as attributes and corresponding multimedia symbols, are considered. Some examples of interface panels that use these attributes are also described.
[nikmir-03:2007]	D. Vazhenin, N. Mirenkov, and A.Vazhenin. Movie-based Templates for Linear Algebra Problems. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 7(1):378-385, 2007.
	The paper discusses program design approaches supporting effective and convenient programming. The rst approach is based on movie-based representation of algorithms and programs. The user has a deal with special multimedia objects, each of which can generate an executable code as well as produce animation frames. These objects build an algorithmic skeleton representing the steps of computation. The second approach is the template meta-programming technique in which templates are used by a compiler to generate temporary source code.
[nikmir-04:2007]	K. Kanev, N. Mirenkov, and A. Urata. Position Sensing for Parking Simulation and Guidance. The Journal of 3D images, 21(1):66-69, 2007.
	In this work we discuss parking facilities enhanced with digitally encoded signs and surfaces that could greatly facilitate car local position and orientation traking and thus serve as a basis for steering and automated parking. As a proof of concept we build an experimental system, based on a 1/10 remote controlled car with a wireless camera and a corresponding computer system. Specialized Cluster Pattern Interface (CLUSPI software analyzes images obtained by the wireless camera and determines local position and orientation of the model car. Obtained tracking data, when mapped to the geometry of the model parking facility, allows for early detection of potential collisions and thus for appropriate steering guidance. Further, by mapping to virtual models of real cars and parking facilities far more realistic visualization and simulations could also be provided. Possibilities for enhancing learning and comprehension through self-explanatory components and multiple views are under consideration. Potential applications of the experimental model system could be training and evaluation of steering and parking skills.
[vazhenin-01:2007]	Tosiaki Oka, Dmitry Vazhenin, and Alexander Vazhenin. WEB-based Task Management and Distance Learning Environment. The Journal of Three Dimensional Images, 21(2):123-129, June 2007.
	The paper presents the main elements of the WWW-based Task Management and Distance Learning Environment supporting development and execution of a big variety of user's applications. We discuss an approach combining effective and comfortable task management for programming as well as supporting task management operations for math and physics problems. The important feature of our approach is that this educational environment should manage tasks requiring not only numerical answers but also mathematical expressions or formulas. This can extend a variety of users as well as make the educational process closer to the traditional style of education.

Referred Proceeding Papers

[nikmir-05:2007]	K. Kanev, N. Kamiya, N. Mirenkov, G. Kanda, and A.Takagi. Adaptive E-learning Application with Transparent User Identication. In Proceedings of the Tenth Int. Conf. on Humans and Computers, pages 25-30, Duesseldorf, Germany, December 2007.
	In this work we discuss methods and technologies for transparent user authentication in the context of adaptive e-learning. A new collaborative e-learning environment model with support for adaptive applications is proposed. Based on it an augmented interactive desktop that allows individual and shared use of digitally enhanced educational handouts as tangible interface components is developed. Cluster Pattern Interface (CLUSPI) enabled cards for elementary math tutoring are designed and educational activities at individual, group, and class levels are considered.
[nikmir-06:2007]	N. Mirenkov, K. Kanev, and H. Takezawa. Quality of Life Supporters Employing Music Therapy. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA2008) - Workshops, pages 1051-1056, Okinawa, March 2008. IEEE Computer Society Press.
	Music therapy addresses physiological, cognitive, and social needs of individuals and employs music to enhance quality of human lives through creation of positive changes. In this paper, we consider applying music therapy to human-computer interfaces, based on Quality of Life Supporters (QLS) of self-explanatory type, and oriented to elderly and disabled people. QLS are multi-modal communicators for personenvironment (P-E) t adjustments that take into account individual emotions and wellbeing. The Circumplex model published by Russell (1980) is employed for constructing optimal sequences of steps allowing smooth transition between any current and target emotional states in the course of computer assisted sessions. Findings regarding optimal step sizes and preferable types of music applicable for each step, as well as empirical methods of acquiring knowledge concerning relations between music and emotions are reported in result.
[nikmir-07:2007]	Y. Watanobe, N. Mirenkov, and R. Yoshioka. Algorithm Library based on Algorithmic CyberFilms. In Proceedings of 6th Inter- national Conference on New Software Methodologies, Tools, and Techniques, pages 427-447, Rome, Italy, October 2007. IOS Press.
	A library of algorithms developed as algorithmic cyberFilms is presented. The algorithmic cyberFilms are a new type of software components for presentation, speci- cation/programming, and automatic code generation of computational algorithms. The algorithmic cyberFilm format is implemented as a set of multimedia frames (and scenes), and each library component is demonstrated by frames of algorithmic skeletons representing dynamical features of an algorithm, by frames of integrated view providing static features of the algorithm in a compact format, and by corresponding program templates supporting the code generation. We developed the library which is a collection of typical algorithms taught in university courses, including computation on grids, trees, and graphs. In this paper, we show basic constructs of visual languages which are used for representing cyberFilms as well as for demonstrating the library components. We also show a general overview of the library and its features. In addition, we discuss results of an experiment which was conducted to verify the usability of the library components and their usefulness in education.
[nikmir-08:2007]	K. Kanev, N. Kamiya, and N. Mirenkov. Digitally Enhanced Printed Handouts for Elementary Math Tutoring. In Proceedings of the Fourth Inter- national Conference on New Exploratory Technologies (NEXT 2007), pages 227-230, Seoul, Korea, October 2007.
	This work is dedicated to innovative methods for enhancing and diversifying math lessons through digitally enhanced educational materials and printed handouts that support direct point-and-click functionality. Discussed methods are expected to make students more involved and genuinely interested in studying the math related subjects that have often been perceived as difficult to understand. We believe that interest in math and exact sciences need to be cultivated since early childhood and thus elementary math classes should be made as exciting and engaging as possible. The focus of our work therefore is on the design and development of a supportive educational framework, based on existing, traditional printed educational materials for elementary math that are digitally enhanced to allow augmented functionalities and interactivity, supported by recent technological advancements. Within such a framework, math studies, especially at elementary level, could signicantly benet from introducing entertainment and gaming components that create challenges, attract more student attention, and thus ensure advanced intellectual engagement in a natural non-intrusive way.
[nikmir-09:2007]	K. Kanev, Z. Cheng, and N. Mirenkov. Methods and Technologies for Enhancing and Optimizing Power Plant Inspection Procedures. In Proceed- ings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT 2007),, pages 605-609, Aizu Wakamatsu, Japan, October 2007. IEEE Computer Society Press.
	This paper considers different methods and approaches for improving power plant inspection procedures through innovative technological means. Main objectives are to provide timely, context dependent assistance and advice to human inspectors of power plant facilities, to minimize human errors and to increase inspection efficiency and reliability. A solution based on spatial awareness methods for inspector localization, registration and tracking through remote sensing of RFID tags and digital codes embedded in the surrounding environment is proposed. Possible extensions for industrial inspection robots are brie y discussed and potential applicability in nuclear power plant inspections is revealed.
[vazhenin-02:2007]	Dmitry Vazhenin, Hirotaka Utsumi, and Alexander Vazhenin. Moviebased Programming: Specication of Control Lines and Structures. In Proc. of the Tenth International Conference on Humans and Computers (HC-2007), pages 200-205, AizuWakamatsu, Japan, December 2007. University of Aizu.
	This paper deals with visual programming in the framework of a Movie-based Multimedia Environment, which includes special movie-program objects. These objects can generate frames of an algorithmic movie as well as executable code. The important part of the movie-based programming is dening activity areas in matrix structures. Specic components called control lines and structures support to reference activity areas inside a structure. This means that control objects divide a structure into zones each of which can have individual color. Paper presents multimedia environment for specifying dynamical behaviors of control lines for matrix structures. We show semantic and syntactical rules of icon-programming language and main features of a GUI- interface.

Unrefereed Papers

[vazhenin-03:2007]

Alexander Vazhenin, Nikolay Mirenkov, and Stanislav Sedukhin. Programming High-performance Applications on the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE) Processor. In Proc. of the International Workshop on Tsunami 2007: Wave Propagation, Theory, Numerical Approach and Data Inversion, pages 99-105, Yokohama, Japan, November 2007. Keio University.

The Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/BE) processor is one of the newest platforms that has attracted a lot of fashionable attention for applications involving game playing and network data processing. It is a highly parallel computer jointly developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM Corp. The well-known game computer SONY PlayStation 3 is based on this modern architecture. The Cell BE processor is targeting for a wide range of electronic devices (from portable/handheld PDAs to supercomputers), offering high performance for computer entertainment, virtual-reality, wireless communication, realtime video, interactive TV as well as scientic high-performance applications. In this presentation, we show concepts of the Cell/BE architecture, peculiarities of the Cell Programming, performance analysis. We show also examples of the cell applications and discuss perspectives and difficulties in the wide use of such kind of processors.

Chapters in Book

[nikmir-10:2007]

K. Kanev, N. Kamiya, and N. Mirenkov. Communicating Mathematical Concepts Through Digitally Enhanced Documents, pages 157-170; chapter in book: Communicating Mathematics in the Digital Era. A.K.Peters Press, 2008.

In this chapter a method and corresponding technological means for digital enhancement of existing materials in mathematics and related subjects with additional content and functionality that could enhance comprehension by bringing in self-explanatory components, multiple views and information sources on demand are proposed. Existing technologies for linking digital information to paper based documents are analyzed and direct interaction methods and corresponding implementations are investigated. Applicability of the innovative Cluster Pattern Interface CLUSPIfor embedding digital content and references to digital texts, images, sound, video and other multimedia content into traditional materials for math studies and research is evaluated.

Grants

[nikmir-11:2007]	N. Mirenkov. Ministry of Education Scientic Research Fund, 2005- 2007.
[rentaro-02:2007]	R. Yoshioka. Grant-in-Aid for Scientic Research, Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 2006-2008.
[rentaro-03:2007]	R. Yoshioka. Subsidy from the Fukushima Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Education, 2007.

Academic Activities

[nikmir-12:2007]	Nikolay Mirenkov, 2007. Member, the IFIP Working Group 10.3 (Concurrent Systems)
[nikmir-13:2007]	Nikolay Mirenkov, 2007. Associate Editor, the Tamkang Journal of Science and Engineering, International Journal
[nikmir-14:2007]	Nikolay Mirenkov, 2007. Member of ACM and IEEE
[nikmir-15:2007]	Nikolay Mirenkov, August 2007. Member of the Program Committee, International conference IMSA 2007, Hawaii, USA
[nikmir-16:2007]	Nikolay Mirenkov, December 2007. Member of the Program Committee, International conference HC-2007, Germany
[nikmir-17:2007]	Nikolay Mirenkov, October 2007. Member of the Program Committee, International conference CIT-2007, Japan
[rentaro-04:2007]	R. Yoshioka, Sept. 2007. Organizing committee member
[vazhenin-04:2007]	A. Vazhenin, Jan. 2007. IEEE Member
[vazhenin-05:2007]	A. Vazhenin, Jan. 2007. ACM Member
[vazhenin-06:2007]	A. Vazhenin, April. 2007. IEICE Member

Ph.D. and Other Theses

[nikmir-18:2007]	Midori Kotani. Master Thesis: Learning support system based on association techniques, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Nikolay Mirenkov
[nikmir-19:2007]	Daisuke Yamazaki. Master Thesis: Semantic music and methods of its generation, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Nikolay Mirenkov
[nikmir-20:2007]	Syouta Yamauchi. Graduation Thesis: New functions of an English and Japanese language learning system for children, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Nikolay Mirenkov
[rentaro-05:2007]	Makoto Watanabe. Master Thesis: Scheme-Controlled Visual Speci- cation of Algorithmic Skeletons, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Yoshioka, R.
[rentaro-06:2007]	Shinichiro Danno. Master Thesis: A Tangible Interface for Conventional Software Applications, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Yoshioka, R.
[rentaro-07:2007]	Hirotaka Meguro. Graduation Thesis: Browser and Editor for Algorithmic Activity of Self-explanatory Components, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Yoshioka, R.
[rentaro-08:2007]	Itsuki Horikawa. Graduation Thesis: Browser and Editor for IO Interface of Self-explanatory Components, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Yoshioka, R.
[rentaro-09:2007]	Kazuyuki Nakamura. Graduation Thesis: Multiple-view Program Pro- ling for Algorithm Education, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Yoshioka, R.
[rentaro-10:2007]	Hiroshi Saito. Graduation Thesis: Scheme based Composition and Integrated View of Computation, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Yoshioka, R.
[rentaro-11:2007]	Mineaki Okazaki. Graduation Thesis: Generation of 3D Shapes from Silhouettes using Edge Detection, University of Aizu, 2007. Thesis Advisor: Yoshioka, R.

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